The most immediate source is the Annual Report on R&D by AAAS.  I don't have a r
ecent copy, but in FY 1989, the figures were as follows by type of performer:
FEderal Govt:  $16.4B; Industry:  $95.9B;  Colleges and Universities: $11.7B;
Federally Financed R&D Centers: $4B; Non-profit Institutions: $3.5B; Total
All Performers $131,600.  AAAS references NSF as data source.